Napolean Essays - French Emperors, House Of Bonaparte, France

Napolean Nationalism is the devotion of people to the interests of its nation or the love of one's country to stay independent. Nationalism played a major role in the downfall of Napoleon in that he wanted an empire and his opponent's wanted independence. As Napoleon was conquering lands and creating a vast empire his troops stressed in the far lands that they conquered life, liberty and equality. Even though Napoleon did not realize it triggered nationalistic feelings among the conquered nations. Spain who was an ally of France, disobeyed Napoleon's decree. Then in 1808 Napoleon overthrew the Spanish royal family and made his brother Joseph king of Spain. But everything that Napoleon did such as put in a foreign ruler, take away noble privileges offended Spanish pride and created nationalistic feelings. The people of Spain revolted in 1808. The French troops stopped the riots, but the nationalistic spirit was not lost. For the next five years there was warfare in Spain. British troops came to aid Spain. This led to the defeat of Joseph, death of thousands of French troops and it inspired patriots and nationalists of other lands to resist Napoleon. This war between 1808 and 1813 is called The Peninsular War. In Germany, anti-French feelings broke out. But the French invasions carried German nationalism beyond the small ranks of writers. In 1807 writers attacked French occupation of Germany. This nationalistic feeling spread to the Prussians. In 1806 the Prussians were defeated by the French troops. To drive the French out of Prussia there would have to be a spirit of cooperation and loyalty. To accomplish this there would have to be social and political reforms. A reformer said that if social abuses were eliminated the Prussians could fight with national honor. Military reforms improved the Prussian army. In the War of Liberation(1813), the soldiers showed great feelings of patriotism and nationalism. And the French were driven out of Prussia. Russia, who was an ally of France went against the word of Napoleon. So Napoleon decided to invade Russia. Napoleon's Grand Army had 700,000 people in it. Most of soldiers were not French and didn't care for the war. In 1812 when Napoleon began the invasion, Russia retreated. As they were retreating they burned all crops which were valuable. When Napoleon reached Moscow, the Russians burned the city. Even worse the winter was in a few months. The Russians also destroyed the food supply to Napoleon. Many soldiers starved to death. Napoleon decided to retreat back to France. On the way back Russian Cossacks slaughtered the soldiers who fell behind. Napoleon abandoned his army and went back to France. In 1813 almost every nation in Europe joined in the final coalition against France. Napoleon raised a new army but couldn't replace the equipment lost in Russia. In October 1813 allied forces from Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Sweden defeated Napoleon at Leipzig. By April 1814 the coalition occupied Paris, Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba. The coalition made peace with France. They restores Bourbon monarchy to throne in the person of Louis. However Napoleon escaped Elba and returned to France in march of 1815. Louis ordered his troops to stop Napoleon, but no one did. As Napoleon entered Paris he got a cheer. He raised a new army and on June 18 1815 he moved against the allies in Belgium. There the Prussians and the British defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. These days of Napoleon trying to regain power are called the Hundred Days. This time they sent him to St. Helena a lonely island near Africa. There he died in 1821. Nationalism was an enemy to Napoleon because it led to the decline of his empire. And the nationalistic feeling that was felt between his opponent's eventually destroyed him.

Marketing and Social Research Practice †Business Essay

Marketing and Social Research Practice – Business Essay Free Online Research Papers Marketing and Social Research Practice Business Essay Introduction Effective communication between the supliers and the consumers of goods and services of all kinds is vital to any modern society. Growing international links make this even more essential. For a suplier to provide in the most efficient way that consumers require he must understand their differing needs; how best to meet these needs; and how he can most effectively communicate the nature of the goods or services he is offering. This is the objective of marketing research. It applies in both private and public sectors of the economy. Similar approaches are also used in other fields of study: for example in measuring the publics behaviour and attitudes with respect to social, political and other issues by Goverment and public bodies, the media, academic institutions, etc. Marketing and social research have many interests, methods and problems in common although the subjects of study tend to be different. Such researc depends upon public confidence: confidence that is carried out honestly, objectively, without unwelcome intrusion or disadvantage to respondents, and that it is based upon their willing cooperation. This confidence must be supported by any appropriate proffessional Code of Practice which governs the waxy in which marketing research projects are conducted. The first such Code was published by the European Society gor Opinion and Marketing Research (ESOMAR) in 1948. this was followed by a number of Codes prepared by national marketing research societies and by other bodies such as the International Chamber od Commerce (ICC = trgovinska zbornica), which represents the international marketing community. In 1976 ESOMAR and the ICC decided that it would be preferable to have a single International Code instead of two differing ones, and a joint ICC/ESOMAR Code was therefor published in the following year (with revisions in 1986). Subsequent hanges in the marketing and social environment, new developments in marketing research methods and a great increase in international activities of all kinds including legislation, led ESOMAR to prepare a new version of the International Code in 1994. this new version sets out as concisely as possible the basic ethical and business principles which govern the practice of marketing and social research. It specifies the rules which are to be followed in dealing with the general public and with the business community, including clients and other members of the profession. ESOMAR will be glad to give advice on the implementation of this Code; and also offers an arbitration and expert assessment service to help resolve technical and other disputes relating to marketing research projects. Other aspects of marketing – in particular Direct Marketing and Advertising – are covered by separate International Codes of Practice published by the ICC. Copies of these may be obtained from the ICC Secretariat in Paris. Research Papers on Marketing and Social Research Practice - Business EssayDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemPETSTEL analysis of IndiaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementOpen Architechture a white paper

W201 eTMA 03 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

W201 eTMA 03 - Essay Example awaiting trial, hence the matter is sub judice and publication of materials such as newspapers that have wide access to members of the public could compromise the course of justice, especially if the judges or jury also happen to read the article when the matter is yet to be decided. In this connection, Section 2(2) of the Contempt of Court Act of 1981 states as follows: where any publication creates a substantial risk that the course of justice in the proceedings in question will be seriously impeded or prejudiced, contempt of court will be found1. There are three separate elements that must be established before the issue of contempt of court arises. Firstly, there must be a publication, secondly this publication must be related to the court proceedings which are taking place and lastly, the nature of the publication must be such that it could seriously impede the course of justice through prejudice. The above mentioned article in the Grayton Gazette appears to substantiate all of the above. Firstly, it is a publication, i.e, an article in the local newspaper. Secondly, it is related to the court proceedings because Billy is awaiting trial in connection with the events of 15th April and the antics of Street Clear and the article is specifically about Billy and his earlier activities with Street Clear. This article also fulfils the third criterion because it does seriously prejudice the case, because it mentions that Billy has been involved in fights before – he has been involved in demonstrations which have turned nasty because he looks for trouble. Moreover the article specifically states: â€Å"let’s hope the jury sees sense†, which directly creates a substantial risk of serious prejudice, because being a news article, it is quite likely to come to the attention of a potential jury member and the timing of publication of the article coincides almost exactly with the trial procedures. On this basis, it appears that there would be excellent grounds for